Introduction of raw materials and use charcoal

different types of charcoal using led running text raw materials
export of carbon materials:
1, hardwood, pine sawdust (or branches crushed) or bamboo at the end.
2, hardwood, pine sawdust (or branches crushed) or accounted for most of the bamboo at the end, the rest can be mixed with fir and other softwood sawdust.
should not use the straw like.
barbecue charcoal raw material:
1, the same raw materials and  2011 sonata dvd of carbon.
2, fir, Paulownia and other softwood sawdust (poplar sawdust should not be made pure charcoal grill).
3, accounted for most of the sawdust or the end of the bamboo, the remaining core doped with a small part of the corn on the cob, or cotton straw, or corn stover, or peanut shells,
or sugar cane residue, (straw class to be crushed).
4, hardwood, pine sawdust (or branches crushed) or the end of accounting for a small part of the bamboo, the remaining part of the available corn cob or peanut shells.
5, sawdust or accounted for most of the bamboo at the end, the rest mixed with corn stalks, corn on the cob, cotton straw, peanut shells, bagasse and other mixtures.
grilled Tan materials:
1, described in the above sections of the material.
2, a small amount of sawdust or bamboo at the end, most of the rice husk.
3, most of the poplar sawdust mixed with a small amount of rice husk.
4, all the rice husk.
Note:
1, raw rice husk charcoal grill cheap full lace wig not be done, if hard, neutral 5% wood sawdust mixed with rice husk, barely meets its quality
barbecue charcoal needs. Many are not. The biggest drawback is the rice husk charcoal and not ash gray big.
2, not all to do with raw materials like straw charcoal.
purposes:
Charcoal divided into: high temperature. In temperature. Low temperature.
high carbon: 800 degrees under the conditions of mixing of carbon from the surface smooth, with white, feel heavy, the steel sound, small cracks, shrinkage is good, the char yield is relatively low, exports also called conductive good.
the temperature of carbon: 600 degrees under the conditions of refining, relatively smooth surface, feel heavy, the steel sound, crack less, the carbon rate is relatively high, less than the high-temperature carbon. on the market more popular. Popular at home and abroad welcomed!
low carbon: not to mention temperature, 450 degrees baked the surface is black, non-steel sound, feel heavy, a little crack, shrink is not high, the carbon rate. Used for barbecue and home heating.
lifestyle: barbecue, heating, boilers, moisture, home improvement.
industry categories: metallurgy, chemical industry, medicine, insulation, rubber, etc.
use of the field
(a), industrial areas
1 metallurgical
charcoal smelting of iron generally has fine-grained structure, casting close, there is no crack characteristics, production of pig iron with charcoal less impurities, suitable for production of high quality steel. In the non-ferrous metal production, charcoal is often used as a flux surface, splashing of molten metal can reduce the loss, but also reduce the melt in the gas saturation. A large number of crystalline silicon is also used for charcoal production, but production of crystalline silicon with carbon charcoal head and should not contain too much raw ash.
2. Chemicals
those who require high surface hardness and wear resistance, good toughness and center of all steel products will have to be cementite. To carburization of steel products for the carbon compounds known as carburizing agent. Charcoal as raw material, then add a certain amount of exposure to agent, made of carburizing agent.
charcoal is the best raw materials,  trolley bag carbon disulfide, carbon disulfide used to make charcoal, should be hard, great volume, ash and moisture content, fixed carbon content.
(b), the agricultural sector
1. Increase in temperature: drop-off imposed by the soil, due to black carbon particles absorb solar thermal energy, can increase soil temperature a few degrees, to promote seed germination. In particular, can promote the germination of the seeds germinate easily, improve the germination rate.
2. Improve soil: charcoal powder applied in the soil after the root carbon particles can be generated on the surface bacteria, resulting in a plant cultivated for agricultural soil, to avoid the so-called "continuous cropping obstacles." And the carbon of cereals, pulses and vegetable growth, color, taste has improved.
3. To maintain soil moisture: carbon in the relative humidity above 50%, 20% rapid absorption of moisture, can be used to maintain soil moisture. But can also improve soil permeability and drainage, for the benefit of plants, microbes provide a good living space.
4. As a release agent or led light power supply : the use of carbon adsorption capacity, the content of organic fertilizer to maintain a balance, this balance can make or use slow release fertilizer to maintain a considerable time, and not easily With the rain drain.
5. Charcoal can also change the soil pH, increased soil CO2 concentration, adsorption of harmful metals in the soil, increase soil microbial activity.
(c), areas of life
1. People used charcoal for heating, barbecue, hot pot with fuel, especially charcoal, due to a smoke-free, non-toxic, heat, burning a long time, so more and more people of all ages.
2. Charcoal has a myriad of vertical and horizontal holes, these holes with adsorption and release of various substances adsorption function of the material, so people use it as a desiccant. Charcoal bricks with water absorption and moisture absorption is small, significant and high calorific value than the benefits, in the wet, the charcoal will absorb moisture in the dry, it will absorb the moisture release out, so brilliantly played the role of regulating humidity . In addition, the charcoal can eliminate room odors and harmful substances.
3. Porous charcoal plant roots can not only build the necessary moisture to stay, but also improve soil permeability and drainage, micro-organisms for the benefit of the plant to provide a good living space, so the flowers and potting soil braced 5% ~ 10% of the bean-sized charcoal, plants can provide a healthy growing environment. And garden trees, the ability to enhance the strong resistance to pests. Today the concept has begun to pay attention to the decoration environmental protection, natural, health, human characteristics. Decorative charcoal, the use of charcoal interior best backpacks after suction to pay to stay in benzene and other harmful substances, a Cuotu, then bringing out a lush bonsai. You can also adsorb impurities into the fish tank.
4. Charcoal can also help preserve food, such as refrigerators can use it as a deodorant
(This article Source: mechanical expert network)

Rio Tinto in China next year purchasing $ 1.5 billion

12 8, is located in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Tongli refrigerated containers, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of CIMC) Rio Tinto will deliver the first 1000 modular mobile homes.
this in November 2010 signed a grating covering the 1074 Taiwan products, the value of more than 8,000 yuan. In 1000, when the arrival of the integers, Yangzhou Tom Lee and customers interested in a delivery ceremony was held.
"Our modular housing sales this year is estimated to be $ 120 million. 95% of products exported overseas, including Rio Tinto, a total of 75%." December 5, Yangzhou General Tom Lee Manager Zhao RoHs driver for led screen interview with this reporter, said that leveraging and international cooperation in mining and other companies to develop overseas market, has become a clear idea of ​​Tom Lee.
12 5 March, Rio Tinto for the first time in China alone, the field of equipment procurement and supplier collusion. When the new entrants in the electric power representatives to ask questions, "Rio Tinto 2012 budget geometry purchases in China," caused the audience's attention suppliers.
Rio Tinto general manager of emerging market purchases Ma Changjiang (Mark Rivers) have made it clear that, as the Australian iron ore expansion project, Simandou Africa, Mozambique and other large mining projects forward, "Rio Tinto purchases in China in 2011 expected to exceed $ 1 billion budget in 2012 will expand to $ 1.5 billion. "
reporter has learned that China's  LED spot light ore imports as a major supplier of , due to mining expansion projects and the needs of Rio Tinto's demand for equipment and raw materials increase, while Chinese suppliers in the design, production and other aspects of improvement and cost advantages, but also expect more cooperation with overseas customers, by force attack.
Zhaoyou Shan told reporters, Tom Lee although focused on oil and mining provide modular housing, but there are two development ideas associated with Rio Tinto. "First, to follow the development of Rio Tinto, from Australia to Africa, Canada, different in different areas of personalized design. Second, with the cooperation with Rio Tinto, the level of production, business model and team have reached a high standard, can be In Africa, the development of civilian equipment (including disaster relief), negotiate with developers and government procurement. "
reporter has learned that in 2011 U.S. $ 1 billion procurement program, the fields of $ 300 million of raw materials and chemical products in about $ 200 million, the remaining 5 million for equipment purchases. The 2012 $ 500 million increase in purchases, but also will focus on renault megane car gps dvd in the field.
the same as a supplier, Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries and Rio Tinto ready to expand areas of cooperation. 5th day, the steel division general manager Zhang Shan Feng told reporters, Zhenhua Heavy hope can become a domestic procurement, and even overseas projects the led waterproof Switching Power Supply (engineering general contractor). ?? (This article Source: China Construction Machinery Business)

BDO Runda total investment 1.5 billion additional fund-raising projects in Wuhu LED

yesterday (11.1), Germany Runda announced the company's additional subscription of, 160 million cool schoolbags in the company of issuance, the major shareholder of BDO Runda Electric Co., Ltd. Zhuhai BDO 5600 shares subscribed from Wuhu three SAC, a wholly owned company to subscribe for a total of 10400 shares. On the same day, Germany Runda announced the raise of 1.506 billion yuan with the company's LED projects in Wuhu - Wuhu BDO renault megane car gps dvd Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. increased its capital. In the book of the statements of changes in equity, Wuhu three subscription Guozigongsi clear lead of the company is optimistic about the future because good development prospects.
yesterday announced subscription from the situation, the optoelectronics industry Wuhu Economic Development Zone Investment and Development Co., Ltd. subscribed for 5200 shares, representing the company's total share capital after the release of 10.76%; In addition, Wuhu City, Long Lake Construction and Development nest Limited subscribed for 3200 shares, representing the company's total share capital after the release of 6.62%; Venture Capital Co., Ltd. Wuhu lofty subscribed 20 million shares, representing the led running text total share capital after the release of 4.14%.
It is reported that optical Wuhu Economic Development Zone, Long Lake construction and lofty nest three are part of the venture 100% owned SASAC Wuhu City, upon completion of additional Runda together hold 21.52% stake BDO percentage of ownership after the largest led rental screens of BDO Runda Electric Co., Ltd. Zhuhai BDO.
2009 年 12 16, Germany Runda in Wuhu LED projects started. Bread is called the king of the industry entrepreneur Wang Dong-lei membership Bengbu in Anhui Province hopes to complete its entry into the LED industry, the major layout, in his eyes, the project will be 5 years after China's largest LED industry base, its It is estimated that the annual output value over 10 billion yuan.
BDO Runda special small appliances, the company among the best in the small domestic appliance industry. Optimistic about the LED industry, the German Runda decided to build a Wuhu LED lighting industry, covering all the bases in the midstream and downstream industry chain. Including the led light power supply core technology, the chip manufacturing, cutting will also be carried out in Wuhu. Base covers an area of ​​440,000 square meters, with total planned investment of 3.0 billion.

The cost of LED lighting industry and policy-driven investment point asymptotic

Philips Lighting expects the current worldwide chevrolet cruze dvd size of 630-700 billion dollars in 2010-2020 will average 6% growth rate. Value in the general lighting, lighting fixtures and lighting applications account for about 70% of the share of light bulbs account for about 20%. This replacement bulb from some of the major needs, some of the light bulb as a light source has been calculated in lamps and lighting applications.
According to LEDinside statistics, in 2009, LED lighting, global lighting market value of about $ 2.4 billion, only 3.3% penetration rate. Philips LED lighting is expected in the general lighting market worldwide by 2015 the proportion will rise to 50%, 80% in 2020.
market drivers: from technology to costs
LED industry for its excellent cheap full lace wig is generally considered ideal for the fourth-generation light source, LED light source In the luminous efficiency, lifetime, response time, and environmental protection are better than incandescent, fluorescent and other traditional sources.
LED luminous efficiency has increased annually, has reached the general lighting applications. From Cree 2010, the latest published results, at present its white LED luminous efficiency of the laboratory 200lm / w, commercial chips to 160lm / w, and plans to mass production in 2013 200lm / w of the LED. LED lighting package module light efficiency of 160lm / w mind, from light to light through the process of loss of about 50% of the lamp light output efficiency to 80lm / w, still more than the current fluorescent 60-80lm / w luminous efficiency, and far more than incandescent 10-15lm / w efficiency. Effect from the light on, LED lighting to replace traditional light sources has reached the standard.
currently commercialized products has been reflected in the luminous efficiency of LED's  Cooling tower , such as the use of screw-type base LED bulb design, can be used to replace traditional incandescent bulbs, do not change the existing lamp and line, according to the mount dimensions and size classification E26 and E17 bulb type, 4W LED bulbs can replace 25W incandescent bulbs, 6W LED bulbs can replace incandescent bulbs 40W, 10W to 60W LED bulbs can replace incandescent bulbs.
technology, LED light efficiency has been achieved the requirements of an alternative to traditional light sources, LED lighting is currently restricting the rapid spread of the main factors is its high cost. Future, the main direction of development of LED lighting, should not be lm / w, represented by the technology upgrade, but $ / lm represented costs.
In addition to technology and  laptop bag , national and regional governments on energy conservation a positive attitude, discontinued products for incandescent and disabled program is to promote LED lighting alternative place an important factor. Planning in many developed countries around 2012, to stop manufacturing and prohibit the use of incandescent bulbs, LED energy saving and environmental protection with its advantages, is the ideal alternative to incandescent LED fluorescent tube , once the appropriate technology and cost, is expected to be the policy of Governments on the support.

2010 Chinese lighting industry hot key words read

2010 年 can be described as big again and again, the Expo, the Asian Games, property prices, drought, floods, and renault megane car gps dvd livelihood, and the lighting industry most closely is the price and the Asian Games Expo, the property has. Each change and the lighting industry are closely related, then the most impact on the lighting led perimeter displays in 2010 and which keywords do? You are most concerned about what is it? The policy or market, market or product? Summary of past experience in order to have more capital, more conditions to look to the future direction of development and decision-making.
an energy-saving tender
recently, to implement "further intensify its efforts to ensure the realization of" five "emission reduction targets notice "and the National Development and Reform Commission and other six ministries," on the issuance of semiconductor lighting energy industry to notice ", and further promote green lighting project, to promote the semiconductor (LED) lighting energy industry healthy and orderly development, the National Development and Reform Commission, housing Urban Affairs, the Ministry of Transport decided to organize semiconductor (LED) lighting product demonstration project. November 10, the three ministries and organizations open tender, select a number of excellent domestic LED lighting products short-listed companies, and to determine the relevant product specifications and supply agreement price.
Second, the New Deal
property market has been a GMC car dvd gps of the market, buy a house, sellers, rent, real estate, and cover room, are familiar with the market, will lay a little point disadvantage in the price, so very necessary to understand the necessary knowledge. Lighting industry has also been affected because of the property market, unable to control soaring prices, the state began to enforce policies to control up down payment, loan interest also rose, up this natural interest and down payment on the property market impact is not small. A series of comic effect, let the lighting market is lady's handbag lot, but relative to the property market, the impact is, after all, not too much.
Third, the town big "earthquake"
earthquake here that is not natural disasters but man-made! Town's big "earthquake" to the town's lighting business overnight into a panic, town Shunda logistics boss to gamble in Macao, lost hundreds of millions of net worth after the close down, they rely on freight logistics is Shunda The lighting business, almost every company has Shunda logistics "IOUs" arrears, which can be described as badly hurt these small businesses, but also irreparable loss, the only hope for an early catch Shunda the owner to compensation for their logistics, but, how will day? Hope that day come sooner.
four Asian lighting
Guangzhou Asian Games in China and Asia is undoubtedly the event, natural lighting, the Asian Games is a fat, a lot of lighting industry players must fight this piece of meat, of course, to account for the bulk of China's enterprises.
Guangzhou Asian Games on the application of advanced lighting technology more widely, especially LED lighting applications, but also for the prosperous Guangzhou adds infinite charm. Guangzhou Asian Games will not only allow new understanding of the Chinese sports world, but also re-acquainted with the Cooling tower of Guangzhou, which is inseparable from advanced LED lighting, street lights, landscape lights, spotlights, etc., are using more advanced products, but also for the nation brand into the world sounded the assembly number.

Commonly used classification of domestic crawler crane model

present, crawler crane models commonly used in the structure of the domestic installation of crawler cranes, mainly in the cool schoolbags models: W1 a 50, W1 a 100, W1-100, northwest 78D and so on. In addition, there are some import models.
1, crawler crane models of W1-50-type
the maximum weight of 100KN (10t), joint manipulation of hydraulic lever, boom can then grow to 18m, the crane body small, table 6-1 shows the materials, track frame width M = 2.85m, will turn tail to the center distance a = 2.9m, light weight, fast, can work in a relatively narrow space for lifting span at 18m Following the installation height of 10m or so to do some small plant and auxiliary work, such as loading and renault megane car gps dvd components and so on.
2, a crawler crane models of W1 100
the maximum weight of 150KN (15t), hydraulic control, with W1-50-type compared to the larger body of this crane by table 6-1 shows, track frame width M = 3.2m, tail to the rotation center grp/frp storage tank a = 3.3m, slower, but because of greater weight and take up a long boom for lifting span 18m ~ 24m plant.
3, a crawler crane models of W1 200
the maximum weight of 500KN (50t), the main body by a hydraulic control, auxiliary machinery and electrical control lever, grp/frp storage tank can be then grow to 40m, the crane body particularly large, we can see from Table 6-1, track frame width M = 4.05m, tail to the rotation center distance A = 4.5m, suitable for large industrial lady's handbag installation.

Roller bearing failure analysis

pick? to: failure of the bearing from the shape of the fracture analyzes the roller and the bearing outer ring of the internal inclusions, microstructure and crack form, the reasons put led perimeter displays a bearing failure.
excavators used in construction of Three Gorges Dam is imported from South Korea, often occur in the course of the bearing fracture, resulting excavator does not work. Based on the failure of the roller and the bearing outer ring of the microstructure, hardness and other GMC car dvd gps of analysis, the cause of bearing failure.
1? Invalid parts of macro-check
1.1 roller
shown in the cylindrical surface can be seen peeling off the surface resulting from the pits of various sizes , and the face badly damaged, rubbed off a lot. In the pit at the roller along the longitudinal diameter was observed after cut open, inverted triangle bottom right corner of an empty profile, which is where the original crack caused by falling off in the beginning. The upper right corner there is a column extending from the side facing the cracks, about 4.5mm, cracks in the middle, with branches, thin crack direct energetic, tapering tail (see Figure 2), has obvious characteristics of stress cracks.
1.2 bearing outer ring fragments
debris on the outer ring to see some form of fatigue fracture. 0.7mm from the surface of the debris can be seen at a parallel with the surface cracks, cracks intermittent, tortuous, tapering tail. Part of the crack, the crack also has the characteristics of stress cracks.
2? Non-metallic inclusions rating
(1) roller: sulfide l-level, point-like and globular oxides 1.5.
(2) the bearing outer ring: led light power supply a point-like, globular oxides 1.5.
3? Microstructure examination
3.1 roller
3.1.1 Heart Ministry
Ministry of temper hidden heart needle martensite and austenite grain carbide composition.
roller 4% of the original organization of alcohol slightly acid etching? × 500
3.1.2 surface pits surrounding tissue
formed in the roller surface of the peeling Microstructure observation pits found at: pit bottom is a white layer, its width is about 0.18 ~ 0.5mm, length 15mm. White layer has three transverse cracks. Pit close to the bottom of times the outer white layer with a width of 0.40 ~ 0.50mm dark area, dark area is the roller after the original organization. White light and dark intervals organizations quenched martensite, tempered dark hidden needle for the needle a small amount of granular martensite + carbide + retained austenite.
3.1.3 microhardness
three different colors to reflect the lady's handbag of the hardness difference, we conducted a cross-section outside to the inside of the roller hardness test, directly reflects the changes in microhardness indentation size: white layer in the indentation minimum, maximum indentation area dark, slightly lighter color of the original tissue indentation center. Three areas, the average hardness values ​​were: white light district HV0.11264, dark areas HV0.1551, the original organization HV0.1800.
roller pit at the bottom of the white light zone, dark zone, the original organization and microhardness indentation? × 200 4% alcohol, slightly acid etching
3.2 Microstructure bearing outer ring
bearing outer ring of the microstructure of tempered martensite needles hidden a small amount of granular carbides and residual austenite.
3.3 surface hardness
3.3.1 Roller
most point on the roller surface hardness of HRC60 ~ 61 between the vertical but also in some places a line between hardness are HRC56 ~ 57.
3.3.2 bearing outer debris hardness
tested, the inner surface of the bearing outer ring of debris hardness HRC58 ~ 59.
4? Roller surface of the pit Cause Analysis
white light from the quenched martensite zone we can deduce, roller during operation because the weight of each other tight, because Friction generated a lot of heat, extruded parts to form a high temperature, because oil is, therefore, the surface area was re-quenching temperature, quenching to form martensite (white corrosion was bright). As the local temperature effect, so close to the surface of the sub-surface has accepted a temper, so the second roller is higher than the original tempering temperature tempering heat treatment temperature, resulting in sub-surface hardness decreased, easy to peel off, peel off after the formation of the pit, we see the bottom of the pit area is actually a bright white surface residue after peeling down.
As a result, we can conclude: roller on the roller assembly is due to tight crack, hit each other when the pressure of operation, so that local organizational changes have taken place in the great stress under the action of the organization , and therefore has a stress crack cosmetic bag. As the organizational changes made within the roller bearing size larger, outer circle of the bearing surface to withstand a great deal of stress, which eventually split support.